Studies of brain areas supporting deductive reasoning show inconsistent results, possibly because of the variety of tasks and baselines used. In two event-related functional magnetic imaging studies we employed a cognitive load paradigm to isolate the neural correlates of deductive reasoning and address the role (if any) of language in deduction. Healthy participants evaluated the logical status of arguments varying in deductive complexity but matched in linguistic complexity. Arguments also varied in lexical content, involving blocks and pseudo-words in Experiment I and faces and houses in Experiment II. For each experiment, subtraction of simple from complex arguments (collapsing across contents) revealed a network of activations disjoint from regions traditionally associated with linguistic processing and also disjoint from regions recruited by mere reading. We speculate that this network is divided into "core" and "support" regions. The latter include left frontal (BA 6, 47) and parietal (BA 7, 40) cortices, which maintain the formal structure of arguments. Core regions, in the left rostral (BA 10p) and bilateral medial (BA 8) prefrontal cortex, perform deductive operations. Finally, restricting the complex-simple subtraction to each lexical content uncovered additional activations which may reflect the binding of logical variables to lexical items.

译文

:支持演绎推理的大脑区域研究显示出不一致的结果,可能是因为使用了各种各样的任务和基准。在两项与事件相关的功能磁成像研究中,我们采用认知负荷范式来隔离演绎推理的神经相关性,并探讨语言在演绎中的作用(如果有)。健康的参与者评估了演绎复杂性不同但语言复杂性匹配的论证的逻辑状态。争论的词汇内容也各不相同,在实验一中涉及块和伪词,在实验二中涉及面孔和房屋。对于每个实验,从复杂的论证中减去简单的内容(在内容中折叠)显示了与传统上与语言处理相关联的区域脱节的激活网络,也与仅阅读而招募的区域脱节。我们推测此网络分为“核心”和“支持”区域。后者包括左额叶皮层(BA 6,47)和顶叶皮层(BA 7,40),它们保持了论证的形式结构。左延髓(BA 10p)和双侧内侧(BA 8)前额叶皮层的核心区域执行演绎操作。最后,将复杂简单的减法限制为每个词法内容,发现了可能反映逻辑变量与词法项的绑定的其他激活。

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