Traditional linguistics was based on the idea that language is an activity that links sounds and meaning, an idea that has been referred to as 'the code view of language' because codes are the most familiar processes that generate meaning. Ever since the work of Noam Chomsky, however, this view has been increasingly replaced by 'the syntax view of language', the idea that children learn a language because they have an innate mechanism that allows them to grasp the syntax of whatever language they grow up with. This innate mechanism has been given various names - first Universal Grammar, then Language Acquisition Device (LAD), and finally Faculty of Language - but despite decades of research attempts there still is no evidence that such a device actually exists. At the same time, it has become increasingly clear that codes are not the sole processes that generate meaning. Another such process is the ability of higher animals to interpret what goes on in the world, and interpretation is different from coding because it is not based on fixed rules but on a process that Charles Peirce called abduction. This allows us to generalize the code view of language into the semantic view of language, a theory which maintains that language is primarily a semantic activity that gives meaning to sounds either by codes or by processes of interpretation. This view, furthermore, gives us a new theoretical framework for studying the origin of language without resorting to any deus ex machina device. In this framework the origin of language is compared with the origin of life and the origin of mind, because those mega transitions generated the three great families of codes that we find in Nature - the organic codes, the neural codes and the cultural codes - and it is possible that a comparative study allows us to catch a glimpse of the mechanisms that gave origin to language.

译文

传统语言学基于:语言是一种将声音和含义联系起来的活动,该思想被称为“语言的代码视图”,因为代码是最常见的产生含义的过程。然而,自从Noam Chomsky的工作以来,这种观点已逐渐被“语言的语法视图”所取代,“语言的语法视图”是儿童学习语言的想法,因为他们拥有一种与生俱来的机制,可以使他们掌握所长所用语言的语法。跟上。这种先天的机制被赋予了多种名称-首先是通用语法,然后是语言习得设备(LAD),最后是语言学院-但是尽管进行了数十年的研究尝试,但仍然没有证据表明这种设备确实存在。同时,越来越清楚的是,代码不是产生含义的唯一过程。另一个这样的过程是高等动物解释世界上发生的事情的能力,并且解释与编码不同,因为它不是基于固定规则,而是基于查尔斯·皮尔斯(Charles Peirce)所说的绑架过程。这使我们能够将语言的代码视图概括为语言的语义视图,该理论认为语言主要是一种语义活动,通过代码或解释过程赋予声音以含义。此外,这种观点为我们提供了一种新的理论框架,用于研究语言的起源,而无需诉诸任何deus ex machina装置。在此框架中,将语言的起源与生命的起源和心灵的起源进行了比较,因为这些巨大的转变产生了我们在自然界中发现的三大编码家族-有机编码,神经编码和文化编码-以及一项比较研究有可能使我们了解使语言起源的机制。

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