Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates such crucial biological functions as normal growth, development and metabolism of nearly all vertebrate tissues. In skeletal muscle, TH plays a critical role in regulating the function of satellite cells, the bona fide skeletal muscle stem cells. Deiodinases (D2 and D3) have been found to modulate the expression of various TH target genes in satellite cells. Regulation of the expression and activity of the deiodinases constitutes a cell-autonomous, pre-receptor mechanism that controls crucial steps during the various phases of myogenesis. Here, we review the roles of deiodinases in skeletal muscle stem cells, particularly in muscle homeostasis and upon regeneration. We focus on the role of T3 in stem cell functions and in commitment towards lineage progression. We also discuss how deiodinases might be therapeutically exploited to improve satellite-cell-mediated muscle repair in skeletal muscle disorders or injury.

译文

甲状腺激素(TH)调节着至关重要的生物学功能,例如几乎所有脊椎动物组织的正常生长,发育和代谢。在骨骼肌中,TH在调节卫星细胞(真正的骨骼肌干细胞)的功能中起着至关重要的作用。已发现脱碘酶(D2和D3)可调节卫星细胞中各种TH靶基因的表达。脱碘酶的表达和活性的调节构成了细胞自主的前受体机制,该机制在肌生成的各个阶段中控制关键步骤。在这里,我们回顾了脱碘酶在骨骼肌干细胞中的作用,特别是在肌肉稳态和再生中。我们专注于T3在干细胞功能中的作用以及对谱系进展的承诺。我们还将讨论如何在骨骼肌疾病或损伤中治疗性利用脱碘酶来改善卫星细胞介导的肌肉修复。

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