It is not known how the volume of the cell nucleus is set, nor how the ratio of nuclear volume to cell volume (N/C) is determined. Here, we have measured the size of the nucleus in growing cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of mutant yeast strains spanning a range of cell sizes revealed that the ratio of average nuclear volume to average cell volume was quite consistent, with nuclear volume being approximately 7% that of cell volume. At the single cell level, nuclear and cell size were strongly correlated in growing wild-type cells, as determined by three different microscopic approaches. Even in G1-phase, nuclear volume grew, although it did not grow quite as fast as overall cell volume. DNA content did not appear to have any immediate, direct influence on nuclear size, in that nuclear size did not increase sharply during S-phase. The maintenance of nuclear size did not require continuous growth or ribosome biogenesis, as starvation and rapamycin treatment had little immediate impact on nuclear size. Blocking the nuclear export of new ribosomal subunits, among other proteins and RNAs, with leptomycin B also had no obvious effect on nuclear size. Nuclear expansion must now be factored into conceptual and mathematical models of budding yeast growth and division. These results raise questions as to the unknown force(s) that expand the nucleus as yeast cells grow.

译文

:未知如何设置细胞核的体积,也不知道如何确定核体积与细胞体积的比值(N / C)。在这里,我们测量了芽孢酵母酿酒酵母生长细胞中细胞核的大小。对跨越一系列细胞大小的突变酵母菌株的分析表明,平均核体积与平均细胞体积之比非常一致,核体积约为细胞体积的7%。在单细胞水平上,通过三种不同的显微镜方法确定,在生长的野生型细胞中,核和细胞大小密切相关。即使在G1期,核体积也会增长,尽管它的增长速度不及总细胞体积。 DNA含量似乎对核大小没有任何直接的直接影响,因为在S期核大小没有急剧增加。维持核大小不需要连续生长或核糖体生物发生,因为饥饿和雷帕霉素治疗对核大小几乎没有立即影响。瘦霉素B阻止新的核糖体亚基以及其他蛋白质和RNA的核输出,对核大小也没有明显影响。现在必须将核扩展纳入萌芽的酵母生长和分裂的概念和数学模型中。这些结果引起了关于随着酵母细胞生长而使核膨胀的未知力的疑问。

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