BACKGROUND & AIMS:
:The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and abuse potential of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) among prison populations in Scotland, UK. Participants consisted of all admitted and released prisoners over a 1 month period who consented to provide samples. Urine samples were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry using a method validated for the simultaneous quantification of 21 AEDs in urine. A total of 904 samples were collected. The samples were also screened for drugs of abuse by using point-of-care testing kits. A total of 18% of the samples were positive for AEDs. Gabapentin (GBP) was identified in 118 samples (13%) and pregabalin (PRG) in 32 samples (3.5%). Interestingly, 12 samples contained both drugs (1.3%). The concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 1,100 mg/L (median, 15 mg/L) for GBP and from 0.5 to 440 mg/L (median, 7.3 mg/L) for PRG. Four samples were found to have concentrations >400 mg/L, two samples for GBP and two samples for PRG. These concentrations are at least 20 times above the median concentrations. Other AEDs detected were levetiracetam (four samples), vigabatrin (four samples), lamotrigine (three samples), valproic acid (three samples), carbamazepine (two samples) and topiramate (one sample). Illicit or non-prescribed drugs were detected in 81% of urine samples of which 80% were from admitted prisoners and 20% from released prisoners. Benzodiazepines, opiates and cannabis were the most frequently detected drugs. Other drugs found in positive AED samples were methadone (26%), cocaine (18%), buprenorphine (17%), amphetamines (4%), methamphetamines (4%) and barbiturates (4%). This study shows a high prevalence of AEDs within the Scottish prison system, primarily due to GBP and PRG; however, due to the anonymity of the sample collection, it is unknown if these are prescribed or illicit drug ingestions.
背景与目标:
: 这项研究的目的是评估英国苏格兰监狱人群中抗癫痫药 (aed) 的患病率和滥用潜力。参与者包括在1个月内同意提供样本的所有接纳和释放的囚犯。收集尿液样品,并通过液相色谱结合三重四极杆串联质谱法进行分析,该方法可同时定量尿液中的21种aed。总共收集了904个样品。还使用现场检测试剂盒对样本进行了滥用药物筛查。总共18% 个样品aed呈阳性。在118样品 (13%) 中鉴定出加巴喷丁 (GBP),在32样品 (3.5%) 中鉴定出普瑞巴林 (PRG)。有趣的是,12个样品含有两种药物 (1.3%)。GBP的浓度范围为0.5至1,100 mg/L (中位数,15 mg/L),PRG的浓度范围为0.5至440 mg/L (中位数,7.3 mg/L)。发现四个样品的浓度> 400 mg/L,两个样品的GBP和两个样品的PRG。这些浓度至少比中位数浓度高20倍。其他检测到的aed分别为左乙拉西坦 (4个样品) 、维加巴特林 (4个样品) 、拉莫三嗪 (3个样品) 、丙戊酸 (3个样品) 、卡马西平 (2个样品) 和托吡酯 (1个样品)。在81% 尿液样本中检测到非法或非处方药,其中80% 来自被接纳的囚犯,20% 来自被释放的囚犯。苯二氮卓类,鸦片和大麻是最常发现的药物。在阳性AED样品中发现的其他药物是美沙酮 (26%) 、可卡因 (18%) 、丁丙诺啡 (17%) 、安非他明 (4%) 、甲基苯丙胺 (4%) 和巴比妥类药物 (4%)。这项研究表明,苏格兰监狱系统中aed的流行率很高,主要是由于GBP和PRG; 但是,由于样本收集的匿名性,尚不清楚这些是处方药还是非法药物。