OBJECTIVE:To examine the distribution, consistency, and correlates of sleep time perceptions in primary insomnia sufferers and normal sleepers across settings (laboratory and home). METHODS:Fifty-two middle-aged and older insomnia sufferers and 49 matched normal sleepers underwent multiple nights of laboratory and home polysomnography (PSG) and provided concurrent subjective estimates of their sleep. Descriptive statistics, cluster analyses, and inferential tests were used to examine the nature of sleep time perceptions, identify subgroups with distinctive patterns such as perceptions, and explore factors that may contribute to these subgroups' distinctive sleep perceptions. RESULTS:Consistent with previous studies, the insomnia sufferers, as a group, showed a greater tendency to underestimate the time they slept than did the normal sleepers, but the accuracy of sleep time perceptions varied widely within each sample. Correlational analyses showed that study participants in each sample showed a moderate level of consistency in how accurately they estimated sleep time across nights. Subsequent cluster analyses conducted to identify subgroups with distinctive patterns of sleep time perceptions yielded four subgroups within the insomnia sample and three subgroups within the normal sleeper sample. Although the sleep setting significantly affected sleep perceptions for one insomnia subgroup, both laboratory and home objective-subjective sleep comparisons provided similar impressions regarding the relative accuracy of each subgroup's nocturnal sleep/wake perceptions. Finally, varying patterns of subgroup differences were noted across several common psychometric measures. CONCLUSIONS:The underestimation of sleep time is not a generic characteristic that separates all insomnia sufferers from normal sleepers. Sleep setting, personality traits, and perhaps constitutional factors appear to influence perceptions of sleep and wake time duration.

译文

目的:研究原发性失眠患者和正常睡眠者在不同环境(实验室和家庭)中的睡眠时间知觉分布,一致性和相关性。
方法:对52名中老年失眠患者和49名相匹配的正常睡眠者进行了多夜的实验室和家庭多导睡眠图(PSG)检查,并同时提供了他们的睡眠主观估计。描述性统计,聚类分析和推论测试用于检查睡眠时间知觉的性质,识别具有独特模式(例如知觉)的亚组,并探索可能有助于这些亚组独特的睡眠知觉的因素。
结果:与以前的研究一致,失眠症患者作为一个整体,比正常的睡眠者表现出低估其睡眠时间的趋势更大,但是在每个样本中,睡眠时间感知的准确性差异很大。相关分析表明,每个样本中的研究参与者在估计夜间睡眠时间的准确性上均表现出中等程度的一致性。随后进行的聚类分析确定了具有独特的睡眠时间感知模式的亚组,在失眠样本中产生了四个亚组,在正常睡眠者样本中产生了三个亚组。尽管睡眠设置显着影响了一个失眠亚组的睡眠感知,但实验室和家庭客观-主观睡眠比较均对每个亚组的夜间睡眠/觉醒感知的相对准确性提供了相似的印象。最后,在几种常见的心理测量方法中,注意到了亚组差异的变化模式。
结论:低估睡眠时间并不是将所有失眠症患者与正常睡眠者区分开的普遍特征。睡眠环境,人格特质,也许还有体质因素似乎会影响对睡眠和唤醒时间长短的看法。

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