OBJECTIVE:To review existing data on nutritional requirements of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants (those who weigh < 1000 g and 1000-1500 g at birth, respectively), and the effects of diseases on these nutritional requirements.

DATA SOURCES:A literature search was conducted on applicable articles related to nutritional requirements of preterm ELBW and VLBW infants and the effects of diseases in these infants on their nutritional and metabolic requirements.

DATA SYNTHESIS:The literature was analyzed to determine nutritional requirements of preterm ELBW and VLBW infants, to select the most common diseases that have significant and important effects on nutrition and metabolism in these infants, and to make recommendations about diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to nutritional problems as affected by diseases in ELBW and VLBW infants.

CONCLUSIONS:Many diseases unique to preterm infants, either directly or by enhancing the effects of stress on the metabolism of such infants, provide important changes in the nutrient requirements. The overriding observation from all studies, however, is that ELBW and VLBW preterm infants are underfed during the early postnatal period and that this condition, combined with additional stresses from various diseases, increases the risk of long-term neurological sequelae. The value of achieving a specific body composition and growth weight is less certain. There remains a critical need for determining the right quality as well as quantity of nutrients for these infants.

译文

目标:回顾有关极低出生体重(ELBW)和极低出生体重(VLBW)早产儿(分别出生时体重<1000 g和1000-1500 g的婴儿)营养需求的现有数据),以及疾病对这些营养需求的影响。

数据来源:对与早产ELBW和VLBW婴儿的营养需求及其相关影响的相关文章进行了文献检索这些婴儿的营养和代谢需求方面的疾病。

数据综合:对文献进行分析,以确定早产ELBW和VLBW婴儿的营养需求,以选择最常见的患有以下疾病的婴儿:对这些婴儿的营养和代谢具有重要意义和重要意义,并就ELBW和VLBW婴儿疾病所致营养问题的诊断和治疗方法提出建议。

结论:Ma直接或通过增强应激对此类婴儿代谢的影响,早产婴儿所特有的任何疾病都会使营养需求发生重大变化。然而,所有研究的最主要观察结果是,ELBW和VLBW早产儿在产后早期营养不足,并且这种状况加上各种疾病带来的额外压力增加了长期神经系统后遗症的风险。实现特定的身体成分和体重增长的价值还不确定。仍然迫切需要确定这些婴儿的正确质量和营养素数量。

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