Prenatal exposure to ethanol on gestation Days 19-20, but not 17-18, increases ethanol acceptance in infant rats. This effect seems to be a conditioned response acquired prenatally, mediated by the opioid system, which could be stimulated by ethanol's pharmacological properties (mu-opioid receptors) or by a component of the amniotic fluid from gestation-day 20 (kappa-inducing factor). The latter option was evaluated administering non-ethanol chemosensory stimuli on gestation Days 19-20 and testing postnatal intake and palatability. However, prenatal exposure to anise or vanilla increased neither intake nor palatability of these tastants on postnatal Day 14. In experiment 2, the role of ethanol's pharmacological effect was tested by administering ethanol and selective antagonists of mu and kappa opioid receptors prenatally. Blocking the mu-opioid receptor system completely reversed the effects on intake and palatability, while antagonizing kappa receptors only partially reduced the effects on palatability. This suggests that the pharmacological effect of ethanol on the fetal mu opioid system is the appetitive reinforcer, which induces the prenatally conditioned preference detected in the preweanling period.

译文

:妊娠第20-20天(而非17-18天)的产前暴露于乙醇会增加婴儿大鼠的乙醇接受度。这种作用似乎是由阿片样物质系统介导的产前条件性反应,可能由乙醇的药理特性(μ阿片样物质受体)或妊娠第20天的羊水成分(κ诱导因子)刺激。 。在妊娠的第20-20天,对非酒精性化学感应刺激进行了评估,并测试了出生后的摄入量和适口性,对后一种选择进行了评估。但是,在产后第14天,产前暴露于茴香或香草的情况下,这些促味剂的摄入量或适口性均未增加。在实验2中,通过在产前施用乙醇以及mu和kappa阿片受体的选择性拮抗剂来测试乙醇的药理作用。阻断μ-阿片受体系统完全逆转了对摄入和适口性的影响,而拮抗κ受体仅部分降低了对适口性的影响。这表明乙醇对胎儿μ阿片样物质系统的药理作用是食欲增强剂,它诱导了在断奶前期检测到的产前条件性偏爱。

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