Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is the fear of anxiety-related sensations arising from beliefs that these sensations have harmful physical, psychological, or social consequences. AS is measured using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), a 16-item self-report questionnaire. Little is known about the origins of AS, although social learning experiences (including sex-role socialization experiences) may be important. The present study examined whether there were gender differences in(a) the lower- or higher-order factor structure of the ASI; and/or (b) pattern of ASI factor scores. The ASI was completed by 818 university students (290 males; 528 females). Separate principal components analyses on the ASI items of the total sample, males, and females revealed nearly identical lower-order three-factor structures for all groups, with factors pertaining to fears about the anticipated (a) physical, (b) psychological, and (c) social consequences of anxiety. Separate principal components analyses on the lower-order factor scores of the three samples revealed similar unidimensional higher-order solutions for all groups.

Gender x AS dimension analyses on ASI lower-order factor scores showed thatfemales scored higher than males only on the physical concerns factor; females scored higher on the physical concerns factor relative to their scores on the social and psychological concerns factors; and males scored higher on the social and psychological concerns factors relative to their scores on the physical concerns factor. Finally, females scored higher than males on the higher-order factor representing the global AS construct. The present study provides further support for the empirical distinction of the three lower-order dimensions of AS, and additional evidence for the theoretical hierarchical structure of the ASI. Results also suggest that males and females differ on these various AS dimensions in ways consistent with sex role socialization practices.

译文

焦虑敏感性(AS)是对与焦虑相关的感觉的恐惧,这些信念是因为这些感觉具有有害的身体,心理或社会后果。使用焦虑敏感指数(ASI)(一项16项自我报告调查问卷)来衡量AS。尽管社会学习经历(包括性角色社会化经历)可能很重要,但对AS的起源知之甚少。本研究调查了(a)ASI的低阶或高阶因子结构是否存在性别差异;和/或(b)ASI因子评分的模式。 ASI由818名大学生完成(男290名;女528名)。对总样本,男性和女性的ASI项进行单独的主成分分析,发现所有组的低三因素结构几乎相同,这些因素与对预期的(a)身体,(b)心理和心理因素的担心有关。 (c)焦虑的社会后果。对三个样本的低阶因子得分进行单独的主成分分析,发现所有组的相似一维高阶解。

ASI低阶因子得分的性别x AS维度分析显示,女性得分高于男性仅基于身体关注因素;女性在身体关怀因素上的得分高于其在社会和心理关怀因素上的得分;男性在社交和心理关注因素上的得分要高于他们在身体关注因素上的得分。最后,女性在代表全球AS结构的高阶因素上得分高于男性。本研究为AS的三个低阶维度的经验区别提供了进一步的支持,并为ASI的理论层次结构提供了额外的证据。结果还表明,男性和女性在这些不同的AS维度上的差异均与性别角色社会化实践一致。

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