BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES:The relevance of the gut microbiota to human health is increasingly appreciated. The objective of this study was to compare the gut microbiota of a group of adult tribals with that of healthy adult villagers in Tamil Nadu, India. METHODS:Faeces were collected from 10 healthy tribal adults (TAs) in the Jawadhi hills and from 10 healthy villagers [rural adults (RAs)] in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. DNA was extracted, and 456 bp segments comprising hypervariable regions 3 and 4 of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified, barcoded and 454 sequenced. RESULTS:Totally 227,710 good-quality reads were analyzed. TAs consumed a millets-based diet, ate pork every day, and did not consume milk or milk products. RAs consumed a rice-based diet with meat intake once a week. In both groups, Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The median Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was 34.0 in TA and 92.9 in RA groups. Actinobacteria were significantly low in TA, possibly due to non-consumption of milk. Clostridium constituted the most abundant genus in both groups, but was significantly more abundant in TAs than RAs, while Streptococcus was significantly more abundant in RA (P<0.05). Analyses of genetic distance revealed that the microbiota were distinctly different between TA and RA, and principal component analysis using 550 distinct taxonomically identifiable sequences revealed a clear separation of microbiota composition in the two groups. Phylogenetic analysis of major microbiota indicated clustering of microbial groups at different major branch points for TAs and RAs. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS:Phylum Firmicutes and genus Clostridium constituted the bulk of the faecal microbiota, while significant differences in composition between the groups were probably due to differences in diet and lifestyle.

译文

背景与目的:肠道菌群与人类健康的关系日益受到人们的重视。这项研究的目的是比较一群成年部落的肠道菌群与印度泰米尔纳德邦健康成年村民的肠道菌群。
方法:从贾瓦迪山的10个健康的部落成年人(TA)和泰米尔纳德邦韦洛尔区的10个健康的村民[农村成年人(RA)]收集粪便。提取DNA,扩增包含16S rRNA基因的高变区3和4的456 bp片段,进行条形码编码和454测序。
结果:总共分析了227,710次高质量阅读。 TAs消费以粟为基础的饮食,每天吃猪肉,不消费牛奶或奶制品。类风湿性关节炎每周食用一次以米为基础的饮食,并摄入肉类。在这两组中,Firmicutes是最丰富的门,其次是Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes和Actinobacteria。 TA组中硬菌与拟杆菌的中位数比为34.0,RA组中值为92.9。放线菌的TA含量很低,可能是由于不食用牛奶造成的。梭菌是两组中最丰富的属,但是TA中的RA比RA中的丰富得多,而链球菌在RA中的含量明显更高(P <0.05)。遗传距离分析显示,TA和RA之间的菌群明显不同,使用550种不同的生物分类学可识别序列进行的主成分分析表明,两组中菌群的组成明显分离。主要微生物群的系统发育分析表明,TA和RA的不同主要分支点处的微生物群聚集。
解释与结论:Phylum Firmicutes和梭状芽胞杆菌属构成了粪便微生物群的主体,而各组之间组成的显着差异可能是由于饮食和生活方式的差异所致。

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