An effective immune response to antigen requires professional antigen-presenting cell (APC), which not only present antigen, but also provide costimulation and cytokines (eg, IL-12) that drive T cell differentiation down the appropriate effector pathway (Tc1/TH1). For T cell-based immunotherapy protocols, the availability of large numbers of autologous professional APC is a major limitation because professional APC do not proliferate in vitro. T cells themselves can proliferate exponentially in vitro and have the ability to present antigen. They can also express costimulatory molecules after activation. Therefore, we hypothesized that if activated T cells were genetically modified to express proinflammatory cytokines required to polarize T cells toward a Tc1 response, they could fulfill the requirements for an abundant, autologous APC. To test this potential, T cells were activated by CD3/CD28 antibodies and pulsed with model HLA-A2+ peptides derived from CMVpp65, MAGE-3, and MART-1. Activated T-APC readily reactivated CD8 pp65 memory T cells from healthy CMV seropositive donors; however, the activation of MAGE-3 and MART-1-specific CD8 T cells required both IL-7 and IL-12, which could be provided either exogenously or by genetic modification of the T-APC. Responder T cells could be expanded to large numbers with subsequent stimulations using activated, peptide-pulsed T-APC and IL-2. Tumor antigen-specific T cell lines killed both peptide-pulsed target cells and tumor cell lines. Thus, T cells provide a platform for the generation of autologous APC that can be customized to express both antigens and therapeutic molecules for the induction of antigen-specific T cell immunity.

译文

:对抗原的有效免疫反应需要专业的抗原呈递细胞(APC),它不仅呈递抗原,而且还提供共刺激和细胞因子(例如IL-12),以驱动T细胞向适当的效应子途径(Tc1 / TH1)分化)。对于基于T细胞的免疫疗法方案,大量的自体专业APC的可用性是一个主要限制,因为专业APC不会在体外增殖。 T细胞本身可以在体外成倍增殖,并具有呈递抗原的能力。它们还可以在激活后表达共刺激分子。因此,我们假设,如果对活化的T细胞进行基因修饰以表达使T细胞朝Tc1反应极化所需的促炎细胞因子,那么它们就可以满足丰富的自体APC的要求。为了测试这种潜力,T细胞被CD3 / CD28抗体激活,并用衍生自CMVpp65,MAGE-3和MART-1的模型HLA-A2肽脉冲。激活的T-APC可以很容易地激活来自健康CMV血清反应阳性供体的CD8 pp65记忆T细胞。然而,MAGE-3和MART-1特异性CD8 T细胞的激活需要IL-7和IL-12,这可以通过外源或通过T-APC的遗传修饰来提供。可以使用激活的,肽脉冲的T-APC和IL-2在随后的刺激下将应答剂T细胞扩增为大量。肿瘤抗原特异性T细胞系杀死了肽脉冲的靶细胞和肿瘤细胞系。因此,T细胞提供了用于产生自体APC的平台,该平台可以被定制以表达抗原和治疗性分子以诱导抗原特异性T细胞免疫。

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