BACKGROUND:Human Rhinoviruses (HRVs) are well recognized viral pathogens associated with acute respiratory tract illnesses (RTIs) abundant worldwide. Although recent studies have phylogenetically identified the new HRV species (HRV-C), data on molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, and clinical manifestation have been limited. RESULT:To gain new insight into HRV genetic diversity, we determined the complete coding sequences of putative new members of HRV species C (HRV-CU072 with 1% prevalence) and HRV-B (HRV-CU211) identified from clinical specimens collected from pediatric patients diagnosed with a symptom of acute lower RTI. Complete coding sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the HRV-CU072 strain shared a recent common ancestor with most closely related Chinese strain (N4). Comparative analysis at the protein level showed that HRV-CU072 might accumulate substitutional mutations in structural proteins, as well as nonstructural proteins 3C and 3 D. Comparative analysis of all available HRVs and HEVs indicated that HRV-C contains a relatively high G+C content and is more closely related to HEV-D. This might be correlated to their replication and capability to adapt to the high temperature environment of the human lower respiratory tract. We herein report an infrequently occurring intra-species recombination event in HRV-B species (HRV-CU211) with a crossing over having taken place at the boundary of VP2 and VP3 genes. Moreover, we observed phylogenetic compatibility in all HRV species and suggest that dynamic mechanisms for HRV evolution seem to be related to recombination events. These findings indicated that the elementary units shaping the genetic diversity of HRV-C could be found in the nonstructural 2A and 3D genes. CONCLUSION:This study provides information for understanding HRV genetic diversity and insight into the role of selection pressure and recombination mechanisms influencing HRV evolution.

译文

背景:人类鼻病毒(HRV)是公认的与世界范围内大量急性呼吸道疾病(RTI)相关的病毒病原体。尽管最近的研究在系统发育上鉴定出了新的HRV种类(HRV-C),但有关分子流行病学,遗传多样性和临床表现的数据仍然有限。
结果:为了获得对HRV遗传多样性的新见解,我们确定了从儿科临床标本中鉴定出的HRV C类推定新成员(HRV-CU072,患病率1%)和HRV-B(HRV-CU211)的完整编码序列。被诊断患有急性下肢RTI症状的患者。完整的编码序列和系统发育分析表明,HRV-CU072菌株与最接近的中国菌株(N4)具有最近的共同祖先。在蛋白质水平上的比较分析表明,HRV-CU072可能会在结构蛋白以及非结构蛋白3C和3D中积累取代突变。对所有可用HRV和HEV的比较分析表明,HRV-C包含相对较高的GC含量,且与HEV-D密切相关。这可能与其复制和适应人类下呼吸道高温环境的能力有关。我们在此报告了在HRV-B物种(HRV-CU211)中很少发生的种内重组事件,并在VP2和VP3基因的边界发生了杂交。此外,我们观察到了所有HRV物种的系统发育相容性,并表明HRV进化的动力学机制似乎与重组事件有关。这些发现表明,可在非结构性2A和3D基因中找到影响HRV-C遗传多样性的基本单位。
结论:本研究为了解HRV遗传多样性提供信息,并深入了解选择压力和重组机制对HRV进化的影响。

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