BACKGROUND:Ultra-short-term heart rate variability (HRV) analysis (< 5 min) has been extensively growing in the field of exercise performance for autonomic assessment. However, the validation of ultra-short-term HRV was unclear in the recovery period of exercise. This study aimed to elucidate the agreement between ultra-short-term HRV (0-30 s, 0-1 min, 0-2 min, 0-3 min, 0-4 min) and standard short-term HRV (5 min) and to explore the optimal recording duration under rest and post-exercise conditions.
METHODS:69 participants were recruited to perform physical exercise on a treadmill with an intensity of 6 km/h, 9 km/h and 12 km/h, independently. The standard deviation of RR-interval (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences of RR-intervals (RMSSD) were calculated by using ultra-short periods and standard period at rest condition (Pre-E) and three post-exercise trials, i.e., Post-E1, Post-E2 and Post-E3, respectively. One-way ANOVA with repeated-measures and Cohen's d statistics were conducted, and Bland-Altman analysis and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the levels of agreement.
RESULTS:For SDNN and RMSSD, the results of agreement analysis at rest condition were different from those at post-exercise. At Pre-E, SDNN and RMSSD were reliable for ultra-short-term HRV analysis at all ultra-short periods, i.e., 0-30 s, 0-1 min, 0-2 min, 0-3 min and 0-4 min, with most ICCs greater than 0.9 and Cohen's d showing trivial differences (Cohen's d = 0.024-0.117). However, at post-exercise, SDNN0-30s, SDNN0-1min, RMSSD0-30s and RMSSD0-1min showed significant differences with SDNN5min and RMSSD5min, respectively (p < 0.01), and the ICCs was not perfect (< 0.9). HRV analysis with time duration longer than 2 min showed nearly perfect reliability in all post-exercise trials, with trivial differences (Cohen's d = -0.003-0.110) and perfect ICCs (ICCs = 0.916-0.998). Furthermore, the limits of the agreement became tighter as the period duration increased in Bland-Altman plots.
CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrated that ultra-short-term HRV analysis was a good surrogate of standard HRV time-domain measures to reflect the autonomic regulation at rest and post-exercise. Specifically, ultra-short-term HRV0-30s or HRV0-1min was recommended at rest condition, whereas longer than 2 min recording period was reliable to obtain SDNN and RMSSD for the accuracy of HRV analysis.
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【An optimization study of the ultra-short period for HRV analysis at rest and post-exercise.].
【运动和运动后HRV分析的超短时间优化研究。】
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DOI：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.10.002文章类型：杂志文章
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背景：超短期心率变异性（HRV）分析（<5分钟）在用于自主评估的运动表现领域已得到广泛发展。但是，在运动恢复期间，超短期HRV的有效性尚不清楚。本研究旨在阐明超短期HRV（0-30s，0-1min，0-2min，0-3min，0-4min）与标准短期HRV（5min）之间的一致性并探索在休息和运动后条件下的最佳录音时间。
方法：招募了69名参与者，分别在6km / h，9km / h和12km / h的跑步机上进行体育锻炼。 RR间隔的标准偏差（SDNN）和RR间隔的连续差的均方根（RMSSD）是通过使用超短周期和静止状态下的标准周期（Pre-E）以及三个运动后试验来计算的，即分别为Post-E1，Post-E2和Post-E3。进行了带有重复测量的单向方差分析和Cohen d统计，并使用了Bland-Altman分析和类间相关系数（ICC）来评估一致性水平。
结果：对于SDNN和RMSSD，静止状态下的协议分析结果与运动后的结果不同。在Pre-E上，SDNN和RMSSD在所有超短周期（即0-30s，0-1min，0-2min，0-3min和0-4）的超短期HRV分析中都是可靠的min，大多数ICC大于0.9，Cohen d表现出微不足道的差异（Cohen d = 0.024-0.117）。然而，运动后，SDNN0-30s，SDNN0-1min，RMSSD0-30s和RMSSD0-1min分别与SDNN5min和RMSSD5min表现出显着差异（p <0.01），而ICC并不完美（<0.9）。持续时间超过2分钟的HRV分析显示，在所有运动后试验中，可靠性几乎都是完美的，差异不大（Cohen d = -0.003-0.110）和完美的ICC（ICC = 0.916-0.998）。此外，随着Bland-Altman地块中时间段的增加，协议的限制越来越严格。
结论：这项研究表明，超短期HRV分析是标准HRV时域测量的良好替代，可反映静息和运动后的自主神经调节。具体而言，建议在静止状态下使用超短期HRV0-30s或HRV0-1min，而对于HRV分析的准确性而言，超过2分钟的记录时间对于获得SDNN和RMSSD是可靠的。
方法：招募了69名参与者，分别在6km / h，9km / h和12km / h的跑步机上进行体育锻炼。 RR间隔的标准偏差（SDNN）和RR间隔的连续差的均方根（RMSSD）是通过使用超短周期和静止状态下的标准周期（Pre-E）以及三个运动后试验来计算的，即分别为Post-E1，Post-E2和Post-E3。进行了带有重复测量的单向方差分析和Cohen d统计，并使用了Bland-Altman分析和类间相关系数（ICC）来评估一致性水平。
结果：对于SDNN和RMSSD，静止状态下的协议分析结果与运动后的结果不同。在Pre-E上，SDNN和RMSSD在所有超短周期（即0-30s，0-1min，0-2min，0-3min和0-4）的超短期HRV分析中都是可靠的min，大多数ICC大于0.9，Cohen d表现出微不足道的差异（Cohen d = 0.024-0.117）。然而，运动后，SDNN0-30s，SDNN0-1min，RMSSD0-30s和RMSSD0-1min分别与SDNN5min和RMSSD5min表现出显着差异（p <0.01），而ICC并不完美（<0.9）。持续时间超过2分钟的HRV分析显示，在所有运动后试验中，可靠性几乎都是完美的，差异不大（Cohen d = -0.003-0.110）和完美的ICC（ICC = 0.916-0.998）。此外，随着Bland-Altman地块中时间段的增加，协议的限制越来越严格。
结论：这项研究表明，超短期HRV分析是标准HRV时域测量的良好替代，可反映静息和运动后的自主神经调节。具体而言，建议在静止状态下使用超短期HRV0-30s或HRV0-1min，而对于HRV分析的准确性而言，超过2分钟的记录时间对于获得SDNN和RMSSD是可靠的。
