Recent widespread honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony loss is attributed to a variety of stressors, including parasites, pathogens, pesticides and poor nutrition. In principle, we can reduce stress-induced declines in colony health by either removing the stressor or increasing the bees' tolerance to the stressor. This latter option requires a better understanding than we currently have of how honey bees respond to stress. Here, we investigated how octopamine, a stress-induced hormone that mediates invertebrate physiology and behavior, influences the health of young nurse-aged bees. Specifically, we asked whether octopamine induces abdominal lipid and hypopharyngeal gland (HG) degradation, two physiological traits of stressed nurse bees. Nurse-aged workers were treated topically with octopamine and their abdominal lipid content, HG size and HG autophagic gene expression were measured. Hemolymph lipid titer was measured to determine whether tissue degradation was associated with the release of nutrients from these tissues into the hemolymph. The HGs of octopamine-treated bees were smaller than control bees and had higher levels of HG autophagy gene expression. Octopamine-treated bees also had higher levels of hemolymph lipid compared with control bees. Abdominal lipids did not change in response to octopamine. Our findings support the hypothesis that the HGs are a rich source of stored energy that can be mobilized during periods of stress.

译文

:最近普遍出现的蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)菌落丧失是由于多种压力源造成的,包括寄生虫,病原体,农药和营养不良。原则上,我们可以通过消除应激源或提高蜜蜂对应激源的耐受性来减少应激引起的菌落健康状况的下降。与我们目前对蜜蜂如何应对压力的理解相比,后一种选择需要更好的理解。在这里,我们研究了章鱼胺(一种应激诱导的激素,介导无脊椎动物的生理和行为)如何影响年轻的哺乳期蜜蜂的健康。具体来说,我们询问章鱼胺是否诱发腹脂和下咽腺(HG)的降解,这是应激蜜蜂的两个生理特征。对护士年龄的工人进行了章鱼胺局部治疗,并测量了他们的腹部脂质含量,HG大小和HG自噬基因表达。测量血淋巴脂质滴度,以确定组织降解是否与营养从这些组织释放到血淋巴中有关。用章鱼胺处理的蜜蜂的HGs小于对照蜜蜂,并且具有较高水平的HG自噬基因表达。与对照蜜蜂相比,用章鱼胺处理的蜜蜂的血淋巴脂质水平更高。腹部脂质未响应章鱼胺而改变。我们的研究结果支持以下假设:HGs是一种丰富的储存能量来源,可以在压力时期被调动。

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