A bosonic condensate of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity is a macroscopic quantum state subject to pumping and decay. The fundamental nature of this driven-dissipative condensate is still under debate. Here, we gain an insight into spontaneous condensation by imaging long-lifetime exciton polaritons in a high-quality inorganic microcavity in a single-shot optical excitation regime, without averaging over multiple condensate realisations. We demonstrate that condensation is strongly influenced by an incoherent reservoir and that the reservoir depletion, the so-called spatial hole burning, is critical for the transition to the ground state. Condensates of photon-like polaritons exhibit strong shot-to-shot fluctuations and density filamentation due to the effective self-focusing associated with the reservoir depletion. In contrast, condensates of exciton-like polaritons display smoother spatial density distributions and are second-order coherent. Our observations show that the single-shot measurements offer a unique opportunity to study fundamental properties of non-equilibrium condensation in the presence of a reservoir.

译文

:半导体微腔中激子极化子的硼酸冷凝物是宏观的量子态,容易泵浦和衰减。这种驱散型冷凝水的基本性质仍在争论中。在这里,我们通过对单次光激发方案中的高质量无机微腔中的长寿命激子极化子进行成像来获得对自发凝结的见解,而无需平均多个凝结实现。我们证明凝结受到非相干储集层的强烈影响,并且储集层的枯竭,即所谓的空洞燃烧,对于过渡到基态至关重要。由于与储层枯竭有关的有效自聚焦作用,类光子极化子的冷凝物表现出强烈的逐次波动和密度细丝化。相反,激子状极化子的冷凝物显示出更平滑的空间密度分布,并且是二阶相干的。我们的观察结果表明,单次测量提供了一个独特的机会来研究存在储层的非平衡凝结的基本性质。

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