BACKGROUND & AIMS: The efficacy and safety of highly purified follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) associated with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was studied in 60 men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Of these men, 16 suffered from Kallmann's syndrome, 19 from idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and 25 from hypopituitarism. Basal testosterone concentrations were found to be far below the normal range. At baseline, 26 patients were able to ejaculate and all of them showed azoospermia, while the remaining patients were aspermic. All patients self-administered s.c. injections of FSH (150 IU x three/week) and HCG (2500 IU x two/week) for at least 6 months and underwent periodic assessments of testicular function. Testosterone concentrations increased rapidly during treatment and all but one patient reached normal values. Testicular volume showed a sustained increase reaching almost 3-fold its baseline value. At the end of treatment, 48 patients (80.0%) had achieved a positive sperm count. The maximum sperm concentration during treatment was 24.5 +/- 8.1 x 10(6)/ml (mean +/- SEM). The median time to induce spermatogenesis was 5 months. Eleven patients reported adverse events, generally not related to treatment. Three patients experienced gynaecomastia. No local reactions at injection site were observed. In conclusion, the s.c. self-administration of highly purified FSH + HCG was well tolerated and effective in stimulating spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in these patients.

背景与目标： 在60名患有促性腺激素缺乏性性腺功能减退症的男性中研究了与人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）相关的高纯度卵泡刺激素（FSH）的疗效和安全性。在这些男性中，有16名患有卡曼综合症，19名患有特发性性腺功能减退性腺功能减退症，25名患有垂体功能减退症。发现基础睾丸激素浓度远低于正常范围。在基线时，有26位患者能够射精，所有患者均表现出无精子症，而其余患者均为无精子症。所有患者均自给自足注射FSH（150 IU x 3 /周）和HCG（2500 IU x 2 /周）至少6个月，并定期评估睾丸功能。治疗期间睾丸激素浓度迅速增加，除一名患者外，其他所有患者均达到正常值。睾丸体积持续增加，几乎达到其基线值的三倍。在治疗结束时，有48名患者（80.0％）的精子计数为阳性。治疗期间最大精子浓度为24.5 /-8.1 x 10（6）/ ml（平均值/-SEM）。诱导精子发生的中位时间为5个月。 11名患者报告了不良事件，通常与治疗无关。三例患者出现了妇科发育不全。在注射部位未观察到局部反应。总而言之自我给予高纯度FSH HCG的耐受性良好，可有效刺激这些患者的精子发生和类固醇生成。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of post-operative oral care, including tooth brushing, denture cleaning and tongue cleaning, after digestive tract surgery. Subjects included 30 elderly patients aged 60-98 years (74.9 +/- 7.8 years) who underwent digestive tract surgery. Subjects were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. In the intervention group, the following oral care was provided daily over a 5-min period in the morning starting at baseline (day of surgery) and continued for 5 days: gargling with povidone iodine, tooth brushing, denture cleaning using a special brush and tongue cleaning using a tongue brush. In the control group, the subjects only gargled with povidone iodine. We compared the following variables between the two groups at baseline and 5 days later: the sensation of dry mouth, intra-oral gas concentration, pulmonary sounds, body temperature and bacterial flora. The number of patients with abnormal pulmonary sounds (dry or moist rales) increased from 1 to 2 in the intervention group and from 0 to 4 in the control group (P < 0.05). The average number of bacterial species per subject for the control group was 3.64 +/- 1.34 pre-operatively and 3.50 +/- 1.74 post-operatively, whereas that for the intervention group was 3.08 +/- 0.95 pre-operatively and 2.62 +/- 0.65 post-operatively. In the intervention group, there was a significant decrease in the number of bacterial species (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that post-operative oral care in elderly patients undergoing digestive tract surgery lowers the number of bacterial species found in the oral cavity. This effect, in turn, might improve respiratory function.

背景与目标： ：这项研究旨在阐明消化道手术后口腔清洁的有效性，包括刷牙，义齿清洁和舌头清洁。受试者包括接受消化道手术的30位年龄在60-98岁（74.9 /-7.8岁）的老年患者。将受试者随机分为干预组和对照组。在干预组中，每天从基线（手术日）开始，在每天的5分钟内，每天进行以下口腔护理，并持续5天：用聚维酮碘漱口，刷牙，使用专用刷子清洁义齿和使用舌刷清洁舌头。在对照组中，受试者仅含聚维酮碘。我们在基线和5天后比较了两组之间的以下变量：口干的感觉，口内气体浓度，肺音，体温和细菌菌群。在干预组中，肺音异常（干音或湿音）的患者数量从1增加到2，对照组从0增加到4（P <0.05）。对照组术前平均细菌种类为3.64 /-1.34，术后为3.50 /-1.74，而干预组术前为3.08 /-0.95，术后为2.62 /-0.65。操作上。在干预组中，细菌种类的数量显着减少（P <0.05）。这些发现表明，接受消化道手术的老年患者的术后口腔护理降低了在口腔中发现的细菌种类的数量。反过来，这种效果可能会改善呼吸功能。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Passive immunity against gastrointestinal infections has recently been successfully applied as prophylaxis and therapy in patients in a variety of virally and bacterially induced infections. Campylobacter jejuni is frequently associated with acute diarrhoea in humans, and several species of animals have been shown to transmit the disease, although birds have been implicated as the main source of infection. We used bovine and chicken immunoglobulin preparations from the milk and eggs, respectively, of immunized animals for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of chickens infected with C. jejuni. A marked prophylactic effect (a >99% decrease in the number of bacteria) was noted using either antibody preparation, whereas the therapeutic efficacy, i.e. when antibodies were given after the infection was established, was distinctly lower (80-95%) as judged by faecal bacterial counts. These observations may serve as a starting point for experiments aimed at elimination of the infection in an industrial or farm setting. It may also encourage future attempts to treat, prophylactically or therapeutically, patients with Campylobacter-induced diarrhoea.

背景与目标： ：最近，针对胃肠道感染的被动免疫已成功应用于各种病毒和细菌引起的感染的预防和治疗中。空肠弯曲菌常与人类急性腹泻有关，尽管鸟类被认为是主要的感染源，但已显示出几种动物可传播这种疾病。我们分别使用免疫动物的牛奶和鸡蛋中的牛和鸡免疫球蛋白制剂对空肠弯曲杆菌感染的鸡进行预防和治疗。两种抗体制剂均具有显着的预防作用（细菌数量减少> 99％），而判断的治疗效果（即在感染确定后给予抗体）则明显较低（80-95％）通过粪便细菌计数。这些观察结果可作为旨在消除工业或农场感染的实验的起点。它还可能鼓励将来尝试预防性或治疗性弯曲杆菌引起的腹泻患者。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study was designed to evaluate the hypothesis that administration of a replication-deficient, recombinant adenovirus vector to the epithelial surface of the respiratory tract can be used to deliver a recombinant protein to the systemic circulation in sufficient quantities to evoke a systemic response appropriate to the recombinant protein. We administered AdCMV.TPO-an adenovirus vector containing an expression cassette coding for the human thrombopoietin (TPO) cDNA-to the respiratory epithelium of immunocompetent Balb/c mice. Over the following week, serum human TPO levels were elevated, platelet levels increased more than sixfold, and megakaryocytosis was evident in bone marrow. This strategy may be a useful approach to the nonparenteral administration of a variety of therapeutic recombinant proteins, such as those relevant to clotting, endocrine function, and bone-marrow function.

背景与目标： ：这项研究旨在评估以下假设：向呼吸道上皮表面施用复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体可将重组蛋白以足够的量递送至全身循环，以引起适当的全身反应。重组蛋白。我们将AdCMV.TPO-一种含有编码人血小板生成素（TPO）cDNA的表达盒的腺病毒载体施用于具有免疫功能的Balb / c小鼠的呼吸道上皮。在接下来的一周中，人的血清TPO水平升高，血小板水平升高了六倍以上，并且在骨髓中发现了巨核细胞增多。该策略可能是非胃肠道给药多种治疗性重组蛋白（例如与凝血，内分泌功能和骨髓功能相关的蛋白）的有用途径。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Darier disease is an uncommon genodermatosis reflecting defective desmosomal structure and function. The present report details the oral features of a patient with well-characterized Darier disease and reviews current knowledge of the genetic basis of this genodermatosis that can often affect the craniofacial tissues.

背景与目标： ：Darier病是一种罕见的遗传性皮肤病，反映了桥粒结构和功能的缺陷。本报告详细介绍了特征明确的Darier病患者的口腔特征，并回顾了这种遗传皮肤病的遗传基础的当前知识，这种遗传皮肤病通常会影响颅面组织。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Medication and nutrient administration considerations after bariatric surgery are discussed. SUMMARY:Bariatric surgery is categorized by surgical technique (i.e., restrictive procedure or a combination of restrictive and malabsorptive procedures). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most frequently performed bariatric surgery in the United States. Patients who have undergone this surgery are at risk for nutrient deficiencies. Several factors, such as pH and absorption sites, should be considered when providing these patients with appropriate supplementation. Drug solubility and surface area for absorption are also affected by gastric bypass procedures. By bypassing major portions of the small intestine, Roux-en-Y procedures drastically reduce the surface area for absorption. These changes may warrant manipulation in drug route or dose to ensure adequate delivery. Drugs with long absorptive phases that remain in the intestine for extended periods are likely to exhibit decreased bioavailability in these patients. The reduced size of the stomach after surgery can place patients at risk for adverse events associated with some medications. Medications implicated in such adverse events include nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, salicylates, and oral bisphosphonates. Drugs that are rapidly and primarily absorbed in the stomach or duodenum are likely to exhibit decreased absorption in patients who have had combination restrictive-malabsorptive procedures. Because reduced drug absorption may result in decreased efficacy rather than toxicity, increased patient monitoring for therapeutic effects can help detect potential absorption problems. CONCLUSION:Selection of appropriate nutrient salts can improve nutrient replacement in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. Changes in dosage forms based on drug characteristics can improve bioavailability.

背景与目标： 目的：讨论减肥手术后的药物和营养管理注意事项。
摘要：B术手术按手术技术进行分类（即限制性手术或限制性与不良吸收手术的组合）。 Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术是美国最常进行的减肥手术。接受过此手术的患者有营养缺乏的风险。向这些患者提供适当的补充剂时，应考虑几个因素，例如pH值和吸收部位。胃旁路手术也会影响药物的溶解度和吸收表面积。通过绕开小肠的主要部分，Roux-en-Y程序可大大减少吸收的表面积。这些变化可能需要对药物途径或剂量进行控制，以确保充分递送。这些吸收期较长且长期保留在肠道中的药物可能会在这些患者中显示出较低的生物利用度。手术后胃的缩小可能使患者处于与某些药物相关的不良事件的风险中。与此类不良事件有关的药物包括非甾体类抗炎药，水杨酸酯和口服双膦酸酯。在具有限制性限制性吸收不良组合治疗的患者中，快速且主要在胃或十二指肠中吸收的药物很可能表现出吸收减少。由于减少的药物吸收可能会导致功效下降而不是毒性下降，因此增加对患者的治疗效果监测可以帮助发现潜在的吸收问题。
结论：选择合适的营养盐可以改善减肥手术患者的营养补充。根据药物特性改变剂型可以提高生物利用度。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Oral cancer is a neoplasm with some known causes. Proliferation genes are significant among its few pathogenetic and prognostic factors. Calcyclin is a cell-cycle-related gene, the function of which is still unclear. Its expression and that of Haras and histone-H3 have been investigated in an assessment of their pathogenetic role in squamous cell carcinoma. RNA extracted from the pathological and normal mucosa of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and benign lesions was reverse transcribed and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of all three genes in the pathological mucosa was enhanced in SCC only. This suggests that they may be involved in its pathogenesis and provides another parameter for the differentiation of malignant and benign lesions.

背景与目标： ：口腔癌是一种具有某些已知原因的肿瘤。增生基因在其少数致病和预后因素中很重要。钙环蛋白是与细胞周期相关的基因，其功能尚不清楚。为了评估它们在鳞状细胞癌中的致病作用，已经研究了它的表达以及Haras和组蛋白H3的表达。从鳞状细胞癌（SCC）和良性病变的病理和正常粘膜中提取的RNA通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行逆转录和扩增。仅在SCC中，病理黏膜中所有三个基因的表达均得到增强。这表明它们可能参与其发病机理，并为区分恶性和良性病变提供了另一个参数。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Spherical pellets containing theophylline, calcium acetate and microcrystalline cellulose were extruded and spheronized, before being coated with six different pectins or alginates by interfacial complexation. The aim of this study was to discover the effect of the coatings on physico-mechanical properties that will be crucial in determining the pellets' utility as sustained release systems. An insoluble, smooth and uniformly thick coat of calcium polysaccharide was formed around the core pellets. A factorial experiment was designed to investigate the effect of pellet size and polysaccharide type and concentration on the entrapment efficiency, mechanical properties and other physical characteristics. Coated pellets were observed by scanning electron microscopy and, depending on the particular polysaccharide used, the dry coats were found to be 30-80 microm thick. The size of pellet, the type and concentration of polysaccharide influenced the yield of theophylline in the coated pellets. Although the mechanical properties of the pellets were improved by applying any of the gel coats, use of an alginate with a high content of guluronic acid or an amidated pectin coating gave the best results. This is probably because both of these have significant potential to form very stable cross-links within the gel coats.

背景与目标： 将含有茶碱，乙酸钙和微晶纤维素的球形小球挤出并滚圆，然后通过界面复合将六种不同的果胶或藻酸盐包被。这项研究的目的是发现包衣对物理机械性能的影响，这对于确定微丸作为缓释系统的用途至关重要。在核心药丸周围形成了不溶的，光滑且均匀厚的钙多糖涂层。设计了析因实验，以研究颗粒大小，多糖类型和浓度对包封效率，机械性能和其他物理特性的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜观察包衣的小丸，并且根据所使用的特定多糖，发现干衣的厚度为30-80微米。药丸的大小，多糖的类型和浓度影响了包衣药丸中茶碱的产量。尽管通过施加任何凝胶包衣可以改善粒料的机械性能，但是使用具有高含量古洛糖醛酸的藻酸盐或酰胺化果胶包衣的效果最佳。这可能是因为这两者都具有在凝胶涂层内形成非常稳定的交联的巨大潜力。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present investigation was to characterize the effects of supraphysiological doses of the anabolic androgenic steroid nandrolone decanoate (ND) on the fertility of female rats, as well as on the morphology of their uterus. STUDY DESIGN:Female Wistar rats (n=15) received a subcutaneous injection of ND (15 mg/kg) once daily during a 2-week period, while the control animals (n=10) were administered vehicle alone (arachidis oleum) in the same manner. Estrus behavior was evaluated 4 weeks after termination of this treatment and in cases where signs of receptivity were present, the female rat was given the opportunity to copulate with a male. After breeding, the female animals were sacrificed and their uteri examined histomorphologically. RESULTS:All ND-treated animals exhibited abnormal vaginal smears, whereas all of the control smears were normal. Most (73%) of the treated females demonstrated normal estrus behavior (i.e., willingness) on the day of mating, but none got pregnant; whereas all of the control rats became pregnant. The female rats receiving the ND showed an enhanced rate of weight gain and the myometrium thickness of their uteri was significantly increased, while the endometrium was significantly thinner. Furthermore, ND caused a significant proportion of the treated animals to display tortuous and irregularly branching endometrial glands, as well as a lack of the physiologically normal infiltration of eosinophilic leukocytes into the endometrium (endometrial eosinophilic homing), a finding that has not been reported previously. CONCLUSION:The present findings indicate that high doses of ND cause morphological and physiological alterations in the uterus of female rats that are associated with a suppression of their reproductive capacity.

背景与目标： 目的：本研究的目的是表征同化雄性类固醇癸酸nandrolone癸酸酯的超生理剂量对雌性大鼠生育能力以及子宫形态的影响。
研究设计：Wistar雌性大鼠（n = 15）在2周内每天一次皮下注射ND（15 mg / kg），而对照组（n = 10）单独给予媒介物（花生油）。同样的方式。终止该治疗4周后评估发情行为，并且在出现接受迹象的情况下，给予雌性大鼠与雄性交配的机会。繁殖后，将雌性动物处死并对其子宫进行组织形态学检查。
结果：所有接受ND治疗的动物均表现出异常的阴道涂片，而所有对照涂片均正常。接受治疗的大多数女性（73％）在交配当天表现出正常的发情行为（即意愿），但没有人怀孕；而所有对照大鼠都怀孕了。接受ND的雌性大鼠体重增加率增加，子宫肌层厚度明显增加，而子宫内膜明显变薄。此外，ND导致相当一部分被治疗的动物表现出曲折和不规则分支的子宫内膜腺体，并且缺乏正常的嗜酸性白细胞进入子宫内膜的生理正常浸润（子宫内膜嗜酸性归巢），这一发现以前未见报道。 。
结论：本研究结果表明，高剂量的ND可导致雌性大鼠子宫形态和生理改变，从而抑制其生殖能力。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Immunocompromise after a major injury is presumed to be a predisposing factor for sepsis. Mice subjected to sublethal cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and challenged 5 days later with Pseudomonas aeruginosa had more bacterial growth in lung tissue, lower serum interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL) 12,and higher serum IL-10 when compared with sham CLP mice challenged with Pseudomonas. To test the functional significance of these alterations in cytokine production in the immune response to bacteria, we administered IFN-gamma and anti-IL-10 to post-CLP mice before the Pseudomonas challenge. Administration of IFN-gamma and anti-IL-10 did not improve bacterial clearance or mortality in post-CLP mice. In further studies, we administered IFN-gamma to IL-10 knockout mice before a challenge with P. aeruginosa. Our results showed no significant differences in bacterial clearance or mortality in IL-10 knockout mice with or without IFN-gamma treatment compared with wild-type controls. Finally, because most mortality occurred within 2 to 3 days of the Pseudomonas challenge in the aforementioned studies and was likely associated with a marked proinflammatory response, we investigated the effect of IFN-gamma and anti-IL-10 on clearance of Pseudomonas in C3H/HeJ mice, which do not mount an exaggerated proinflammatory response to endotoxin or Gram-negative bacteria. Neither clearance of the Pseudomonas bacteria nor mortality was improved in C3H/HeJ mice receiving anti-IL-10 and IFN-gamma. These results suggest that the suppressed IFN-gamma and IL-12 responses, in combination with an exaggerated IL-10 response to P. aeruginosa challenge after injury, do not correlate with bacterial clearance or survival.

背景与目标： ：大伤后的免疫功能低下被认为是败血症的诱因。进行半致死盲肠结扎和穿刺（CLP）并在5天后用铜绿假单胞菌攻击的小鼠的肺组织中细菌生长更多，血清干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和白介素（IL）12更低，而血清IL-10更高与假单胞菌攻击的假CLP小鼠相比。为了测试这些变化对细菌免疫反应中细胞因子产生的功能意义，我们在假单胞菌攻击之前向CLP后小鼠施用了IFN-γ和抗IL-10。在CLP后小鼠中，IFN-γ和抗IL-10的使用不能改善细菌清除率或死亡率。在进一步的研究中，我们在铜绿假单胞菌攻击之前向IL-10敲除小鼠施用了IFN-γ。我们的结果表明，与野生型对照相比，接受或未接受IFN-γ治疗的IL-10基因敲除小鼠的细菌清除率或死亡率无显着差异。最后，由于在上述研究中大多数死亡发生在假单胞菌攻击后的2至3天内，并且可能与明显的促炎反应有关，因此我们研究了IFN-γ和抗IL-10对C3H / P3中假单胞菌清除的影响HeJ小鼠，对内毒素或革兰氏阴性细菌没有过度的促炎反应。接受抗IL-10和IFN-γ的C3H / HeJ小鼠的假单胞菌细菌清除率和死亡率均未提高。这些结果表明，损伤后抑制的IFN-γ和IL-12反应，加上对损伤后铜绿假单胞菌攻击的过大IL-10反应，与细菌清除率或存活率无关。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Etoposide produces reversible inhibition of topoisomerase II, leading to cleavage of DNA, and thereby has an antitumor effect. This mechanism suggests that the longer treatment is continued, the greater the antitumor effect will be. In the present study, both therapeutic and adverse effects of long-term treatment with low-dose oral etoposide were studied in 29 patients aged > or = 65 years with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) for whom standard chemotherapy was not effective or refractory. These patients received etoposide at a dose of 50 mg/d for as long as possible. Treatment was continued until white blood cell count decreased to < or = 2,000/microL or the platelet count decreased to < or = 5 x 10(4)/microL. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria of therapeutic effects, 6 (20.7%) of the 29 patients achieved complete remission and 13 patients (44.8%) had partial remission, for a response rate of 65.5%. Adverse effects of > or = grade 3 included leukopenia in 24 patients (82.8%) and anemia in 7 (24.1%). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was given in combination with etoposide to eight patients because of leukopenia (granulocyte count < or = 1,000/microL). In view of the excellent subjective tolerance, low incidence of serious adverse effects, and good activity, single agent oral etoposide given continuously over prolonged periods represents a useful treatment for elderly patients with NHL.

背景与目标： 依托泊苷产生对拓扑异构酶II的可逆抑制，导致DNA裂解，因此具有抗肿瘤作用。该机制表明持续的治疗时间越长，抗肿瘤作用越大。在本研究中，对29岁年龄≥65岁的非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）患者进行了长期低剂量口服依托泊苷的治疗，并对其不良反应进行了研究，这些患者对于标准化疗均无效或难治。这些患者尽可能长时间接受依托泊苷50 mg / d的剂量。继续治疗直至白细胞计数降低至<或= 2,000 / microL或血小板计数降低至<或= 5 x 10（4）/ microL。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的疗效标准，在29例患者中有6例（20.7％）完全缓解，13例（44.8％）部分缓解，缓解率为65.5％。 ≥3级的不良反应包括24例白细胞减少症（82.8％）和7例贫血（24.1％）。由于白细胞减少症（粒细胞计数<或= 1,000 / microL），与依托泊苷联合给予了粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）与依托泊苷。鉴于出色的主观耐受性，严重不良反应的发生率低和良好的活动性，长时间连续给予单剂口服依托泊苷代表了对老年NHL患者的一种有效治疗方法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: High-dose chemotherapy often requires hematopoietic progenitor cell reinfusion, but drugs with extramedullary dose-limiting toxicity may be administered in the high-dose range by simple growth factor support. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and toxicity of a three-drug high-dose regimen supported by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). Ten patients with histologically proven malignancy were enrolled. Eight had breast cancer, one non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and one a mediastinal tumor of unknown origin. The regimen included cyclophosphamide (C) 5 g/m2, etoposide (E) 1.5 g/m2, and cisplatin (P) 150 mg/m2 (CEP), administered in a 3-day schedule followed by rhG-CSF, 300 micrograms once a day, beginning from day +5 (36 h after the end of chemotherapy). The cycle was repeated as clinically needed up to three times. After the first course, hematologic recovery was rapid and complete without documented infections, and no relevant extramyeloid toxicities were observed. Eight of 10 patients received a second course with comparably low toxicity, and three of them received a third course. We concluded that CEP therapy can be administered safely and even repeatedly, by simple growth factor support, in good performance status cancer patients.

背景与目标： 大剂量化学疗法通常需要重新注入造血祖细胞，但是可以通过简单的生长因子支持在大剂量范围内使用具有髓外剂量限制性毒性的药物。在这项研究中，我们评估了重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（rhG-CSF）支持的三药大剂量方案的可行性和毒性。十名经组织学证实为恶性肿瘤的患者入选。 8例患有乳腺癌，1例非霍奇金淋巴瘤，1例起源不明的纵隔肿瘤。该方案包括环磷酰胺（C）5 g / m2，依托泊苷（E）1.5 g / m2和顺铂（P）150 mg / m2（CEP），分3天给药，随后用rhG-CSF给药，每次300微克从第5天（化疗结束后36小时）开始的一天。根据临床需要重复该循环多达三次。第一次疗程结束后，血液学恢复迅速且完全，没有记录的感染，也未观察到相关的髓外毒性。 10名患者中有8名接受了第二疗程，毒性较低，其中三名接受了第三疗程。我们得出的结论是，通过简单的生长因子支持，可以对处于良好状态的癌症患者安全，甚至重复使用CEP治疗。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Tumour cells at the invasive front of carcinomas have been found to differ substantially from the rest of tumour cells in a variety of human cancers. The present multivariate survival analysis of 94 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) revealed that both the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions-associated protein (AgNOR) content of invading tumour cells and a multiparametric histopathological tumour front grade were significantly and independently associated with tumour-related death, irrespective of conventional Broders' grade and clinical stage of the tumours. High tumour front scores and AgNOR content at the invasive OSCC front thus seem to reflect increased malignant potential. Proliferative activity, assessed by standardized AgNOR analysis, most probably represents one of the biological features underlying the usefulness of evaluating the invasive tumour front.

背景与目标： 已经发现，在多种人类癌症中，处于癌症侵袭性前沿的肿瘤细胞与其余肿瘤细胞有很大的不同。目前对94例口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）的多因素生存分析表明，侵袭性肿瘤细胞的嗜银性核仁组织者区域相关蛋白（AgNOR）含量和多参数组织病理学肿瘤前沿均与肿瘤相关死亡显着且独立相关，与常规Broders的肿瘤分级和临床分期无关。因此，在侵袭性OSCC前沿，较高的肿瘤前沿评分和AgNOR含量似乎反映出恶性潜能的增加。通过标准化AgNOR分析评估的增殖活性很可能代表了评估侵袭性肿瘤前沿有用性的生物学特征之一。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To describe the prevalence of oral diseases and their impact on oral-health-related quality of life in people with severe mental illness undertaking community-based psychiatric care. METHODS:A survey was conducted at eight outpatient psychiatric care clinics in Tower Hamlets, London, UK. One hundred and twelve consecutive patients with mental illness were invited to participate in this study. They were clinically examined and asked to complete the oral health impact profile (OHIP) questionnaire. RESULTS:The response rate was 79% (n = 89); 57 (64%) males and 58 persons over 45 years of age (65%) participated in this survey. Overall OHIP score was 25.4 (95% CI 23.3, 27.4), 70 (78%) were smokers and 45 (51%) had been to the dentist in the last two years. Forty-seven (53%) respondents had caries in at least one tooth, 60 (67%) had 21 teeth and more, and 14 (16%) used dentures. Advanced periodontal treatment was indicated in 42 (55%) of patients and 52.8% (n = 47) patients reported current pain. CONCLUSION:Overall, this survey found that oral health has a great impact on patients with severe mental illness being treated in the community setting and their oral health is poorer than the national adult general population. Future research should consider the causes that relate to the poorer oral health in this population and potential health promotion mechanisms in this population to encourage an upstream approach to health.

背景与目标： 目的：描述在进行基于社区的精神病治疗的重度精神疾病患者中口腔疾病的流行及其对口腔健康相关生活质量的影响。
方法：在英国伦敦塔哈姆雷特市的八家门诊精神病诊所进行了一项调查。连续邀请112名精神疾病患者参加这项研究。对他们进行了临床检查，并要求他们填写口腔健康影响资料（OHIP）调查表。
结果：回应率为79％（n = 89）；男性（57％）（64％）和58岁以上的58人（65％）参加了这项调查。 OHIP总体得分为25.4（95％CI 23.3、27.4），吸烟者70（78％）和最近两年去牙医的45（51％）。 47名（53％）的被调查者的至少一颗牙齿上有龋齿； 60（67％）的人有21颗及以上的牙齿，以及14颗（16％）的假牙。 42名（55％）患者表示进行了牙周治疗，目前有疼痛的患者占52.8％（n = 47）。
结论：总体而言，该调查发现，口腔健康对在社区环境中接受治疗的严重精神疾病患者有很大影响，并且其口腔健康状况比全国成年人口人群差。未来的研究应考虑与该人群口腔健康较差的原因以及该人群中潜在的健康促进机制，以鼓励采用上游健康方法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Melatonin improves survival and functional impairment including hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and hypotension when administered in a prophylactic manner or early after initiation of sepsis or endotoxemia. In the present study, melatonin was given not before first symptoms of systemic inflammation became manifest. Lipopolysaccharide was infused at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg × h to induce systemic inflammation in male Wistar rats. Melatonin (single dose 3 mg/kg × 15 min) was intravenously administered 180 and 270 min after starting of the lipopolysaccharide infusion. Systemic and vital parameters (e.g., systemic blood pressure and breathing rate) as well as blood and plasma parameters (acid-base parameters; electrolytes; parameters of tissue injury such as glucose concentration, lactate concentration, hemolysis, and aminotransferase activities; parameters of thromboelastometry; and platelet count) were determined in regular intervals. Infusion of lipopolysaccharide led to characteristic symptoms of severe systemic inflammation including hypotension, metabolic acidosis and hypoglycemia, electrolyte and hemostatic disturbances, thrombocytopenia, and hemolysis. Melatonin neither decreased mortality nor reduced lipopolysaccharide-dependent changes to vital, blood, and plasma parameters. Even though melatonin may have a beneficial effect in early stages of systemic inflammation, it can hardly be an option in therapy of manifest sepsis or endotoxemia in an intensive care unit.

背景与目标： 褪黑素以预防性方式或在脓毒症或内毒素血症开始后的早期给药，可改善生存和功能障碍，包括溶血，血小板减少和低血压。在本研究中，褪黑激素未在系统性炎症的最初症状显现之前就给予。以0.5 mg / kg×h的速度注入脂多糖以诱导雄性Wistar大鼠全身性炎症。开始注入脂多糖后180和270分钟静脉注射褪黑激素（单次剂量3 mg / kg×15分钟）。全身和生命参数（例如全身血压和呼吸频率）以及血液和血浆参数（酸碱参数；电解质；组织损伤参数，例如葡萄糖浓度，乳酸浓度，溶血和转氨酶活性；血栓弹力测定法参数；以及血小板计数）是定期确定的。输注脂多糖会导致严重的全身性炎症，包括低血压，代谢性酸中毒和低血糖，电解质和止血失调，血小板减少和溶血。褪黑激素既不能降低死亡率，也不能降低脂多糖依赖性的生命，血液和血浆参数变化。即使褪黑激素在全身性炎症的早期阶段可能具有有益的作用，但在重症监护病房治疗明显的败血症或内毒素血症时，它几乎不是一种选择。