The failure of lesioned axons to regenerate over long distances in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is not due to an inability of central neurons to regenerate, but rather to the non-permissive nature of the CNS tissue environment. Regenerating CNS axons, which grow well within a peripheral nerve, for example, fail to penetrate mature CNS tissue by more than about 1 mm. Recent evidence indicates that this may be due to inhibitory membrane proteins associated with CNS oligodendrocytes and myelin. We report here that human telencephalic neuroblasts implanted into the excitotoxically lesioned striatum of adult rats can escape or neutralize this inhibitory influence of the adult CNS environment and extend axons along major myelinated fibre tracts for distances of up to approximately 20 mm. The axons were seen to elongate along the paths of the striato-nigral and cortico-spinal tracts to reach the substantia nigra, the pontine nuclei and the cervical spinal cord, which are the normal targets for the striatal and cortical projection neurons likely to be present in these implants.

译文

:损伤的轴突在哺乳动物中枢神经系统(CNS)中无法长距离再生的原因不是由于中枢神经元无法再生,而是由于CNS组织环境的非许可性质。例如,在周围神经中生长良好的再生中枢神经轴突不能穿透成熟的中枢神经系统组织超过约1毫米。最近的证据表明,这可能是由于与CNS少突胶质细胞和髓磷脂相关的抑制性膜蛋白所致。我们在这里报告说,植入成年大鼠兴奋毒性损伤的纹状体的人类端脑神经母细胞可以逃避或中和成年中枢神经系统环境的这种抑制作用,并沿主要有髓纤维束延伸轴突的距离可达约20 mm。看到轴突沿纹状体-黑色和皮质-脊髓束的路径伸长,到达黑质,桥脑核和颈脊髓,它们是可能存在的纹状体和皮质投射神经元的正常靶标在这些植入物中。

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