The causes of racial and ethnic inequalities in health and the most appropriate categories to use to address health inequality have been the subject of heated debate in recent years. At the same time, genetic explanations for racial disparities have figured prominently in the scientific and popular press since the announcement of the sequencing of the human genome. To understand how such explanations assumed prominence, this essay analyzes the circulation of ideas about race and genetics and the rhetorical strategies used by authors of key texts to shape the debate. The authority of genetic accounts for racial and ethnic difference in disease, the author argues, is rooted in a broad cultural faith in the promise of genetics to solve problems of human disease and the inner truth of human beings that is intertwined with historical meanings attached to race. Such accounts are problematic for a variety of reasons. Importantly, they produce, reify, and naturalize notions of racial difference, provide a scientific rationale for racially targeted medical care, and distract attention from research that probes the complex ways in which political, economic, social, and biological factors, especially those of inequality and racism, cause health disparities.

译文

近年来,种族和族裔健康不平等的原因以及最适合用来解决健康不平等的类别一直是人们争论的焦点。与此同时,自从人类基因组测序宣布以来,有关种族差异的遗传解释在科学和大众媒体中占有重要地位。为了理解这种解释是如何引起人们注意的,本文分析了有关种族和遗传学的思想的传播以及关键文本作者用来形成辩论的修辞策略。作者认为,遗传权能解释疾病的种族和族裔差异,这源于一种广泛的文化信仰,即人们信奉遗传学来解决人类疾病和人类内在真理的诺言,而这种真理与人类的内在真理交织在一起。种族。由于多种原因,这样的帐户是有问题的。重要的是,它们产生,证实和归纳了种族差异的概念,为针对种族的医疗保健提供了科学依据,并使人们的注意力从研究政治,经济,社会和生物学因素(尤其是不平等因素)的复杂方式的研究中转移了注意力和种族主义,造成健康差异。

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