The effects of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a great and growing concern for human and animal development and life. The reproductive organs are considered as a primary target of EDCs, yet the effects on reproductive organs can extend to other body systems. Perinatal diethylstilbestrol (DES)-exposed mice exhibit various reproductive organ abnormalities. The perinatal DES-exposure model has allowed insight into our understanding of the mechanisms of persistent reproductive organ abnormalities elicited by exposure to estrogens and/or estrogenic EDCs. The persistent changes in the vagina of neonatally DES-exposed mice result from sustained expression of growth factors by ligand-independent transcriptional activation of the estrogen receptor. Developmental regulatory genes, such as Wnt and Hox genes, are also targets of DES during fetal stages and altered gene expression can induce malformations of the reproductive organs. In this review, we focus on the development of female reproductive tracts and external genitalia, and discuss the recent progress in understanding the disruptive effects of estrogens and EDCs on these organs.

译文

:破坏环境内分泌的化学物质(EDC)的影响是对人类和动物发展与生活的重大且日益增长的关注。生殖器官被认为是EDC的主要目标,但对生殖器官的影响可以扩展到其他身体系统。围产二乙基己烯雌酚(DES)暴露的小鼠表现出各种生殖器官异常。围产期DES暴露模型使我们对由暴露于雌激素和/或雌激素EDC引起的持续性生殖器官异常机制的理解有了更深入的了解。新生儿DES暴露小鼠阴道中的持续变化是由于雌激素受体的配体非依赖性转录激活而持续表达生长因子所致。发育调控基因,例如Wnt和Hox基因,也是胎儿期DES的靶标,改变的基因表达可以诱导生殖器官畸形。在这篇综述中,我们专注于女性生殖道和外部生殖器的发展,并讨论了了解雌激素和EDC对这些器官的破坏作用的最新进展。

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