肾内泌尿
词汇介绍
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解析
Adrenocortical 英 /ə,driːnəʊ'kɔːtɪkəl/ 美 /ə,drino'kɔrtəkəl/
释 义 adj. 肾上腺皮质的
例 句 Methods: The clinical data of 15 patients were summarized including 13 cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and 2 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma.方法:总结15例肾上腺性征综合征患者的临床资料,其中先天性肾上腺皮质增生13例,肾上腺皮质癌2例。
Carcinoma 英 /ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmə/ 美 /ˌkɑːrsɪˈnoʊmə/
释 义 n. [肿瘤] 癌
例 句 Another study discovered that people who ate the highest amounts of fruits and veggies were 54 percent less likely to develop squamous cell carcinoma.另一项研究表明,那些食用大量水果和蔬菜的人患上鳞状细胞癌的几率比其他人小54%。
概述
概述
肾上腺皮质癌又称ACC,是临床上比较少见的一种原发于肾上腺皮质的恶性肿瘤。这种癌症的发病率比较低,而恶性程度高,预后状况不好,在早期也不容易确诊。该病病情重、进展快,肿瘤侵润可以穿过包膜,晚期可以转移到淋巴结肝肺等处,出现重度的cushing综合征的表现,担忧显著的高血压、低血钾,可以同时产生雄激素,女性呈多毛、痤疮,有腹痛、背痛、侧腹痛等症状。肾上腺皮质癌多见于12岁以下儿童。
病因
肾上腺皮质癌的病因主要是以下三种:(1)大部分ACC为散发性,发病机制未明。(2)少数为家族遗传性,包括MEN-I(抑癌基因失活),Li-Fraumeni综合征(染色体基因簇变异)以及Carney综合征(基因变异)。(3)在关于ACC发病机制的分子学研究中发现,50%-80%的儿童ACC患者具有TP53突变,成人只有<4%,因此检测TP53突变可作为新生儿ACC筛查重要指标。
临床表现
肾上腺皮质癌50%为功能性,即发生了内分泌功能改变,表现为皮质醇增多症、原发性醛固酮增多症、肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤等,其中皮质醇增多症常见,醛固酮增多症较少出现,而其余患者均为无功能性。肾上腺皮质癌患者较少出现性激素过度分泌,若合并出现性激素水平升高,其中有1/3可能是恶性肿瘤。其中约20%-34%功能性肾上腺皮质癌患者会出现男性化表现(小于5岁的患者中有95%病例出现男性化),对任何年龄段肾上腺肿瘤患者,出现男性化均需考虑肾上腺皮质癌可能。肾上腺皮质癌患者较少出现女性化,仅占10%,若伴有女性化表现的话,瘤体一般较大,常出现男性乳房增生,恶性程度往往较高。肾上腺肿瘤患者如果短期内突发多种肾上腺皮质激素过度分泌、库欣综合征、男性化、成年男性女性化等临床表现,均提示有发生肾上腺皮质癌的危险性。肾上腺皮质癌患者常见的临床表现有:腰胀、腰痛、腹胀、发热、消瘦、乏力、疲劳及腹部肿物,瘤体大者可出现呼吸困难、胸痛等,但均为非特异性症状。
治疗
手术完全切除是目前首选治疗方法,手术方式包括开放性肾上腺切除术和腹腔镜肾上腺切除术。但由于肾上腺皮质癌早期诊断困难,多数患者发现时已是晚期,失去手术机会,只能采用米托坦单用或与细胞毒性药物联用的治疗方案。随着对肾上腺皮质癌发生发展机制研究的不断加深,靶向治疗显现出了巨大的发展潜力,已成为目前研究的热点,现有多种针对不同靶点的药物进入了临床试验,如OSI-906、阿西替尼、索拉菲尼等。
转移部位
肾上腺皮质癌的常见转移部位有:肝48%、肺45%、淋巴结29%、骨13%,局部侵犯肾脏、下腔静脉较常见,分别为26%和9-19%。
Adrenocortical Carcinoma - Towards Genomics Guided Clinical Care复制标题
肾上腺皮质癌-走向基因组学指导的临床护理
发表时间:2019-09-15
影响指数:28.8
作者: Crona J
期刊:Nat Rev Endocrinol
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive and rare neoplasm that originates in the cortex of the adrenal gland. The disease is associated with heterogeneous but mostly poor outcomes and lacks effective pharmaceutical treatment options. Multi-omics studies have defined the landscape of molecular alterations in ACC. Specific molecular signatures can be detected in body fluids, potentially enabling improved diagnostic applications for patients with adrenal tumours. Importantly, pan-molecular data sets further reveal a spectrum within ACC, with three major subgroups that have different disease outcomes. These new subgroups have value as prognostic biomarkers. Research has revealed that the p53-RB and the WNT-β-catenin pathways are common disease drivers in ACC. However, these pathways remain difficult to target by therapeutic interventions. Instead, a unique characteristic of ACC is steroidogenic differentiation, which has emerged as a potential treatment target, with several agents undergoing preclinical or clinical investigations. Finally, a large proportion of ACC tumours have genetic profiles that are associated with promising therapeutic responsiveness in other cancers. All these opportunities now await translation from the laboratory into the clinical setting, thereby offering a real potential of improved survival outcomes and increased quality of life for patients with this serious condition.
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