神经
词汇介绍
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解析
tetany 英 ['tet(ə)nɪ]
释 义 n. 手足抽搐；强直
例 句 The clinical major appearances included: tetany, carpopedal spasms, convulsion, epilepsy and syncope with seizures.临床主要症状为手足抽搐、手足痉挛、惊厥、癫痫和癫痫发作性晕厥等。
概述
概述
维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症又称佝偻病性手足搐搦症或佝偻病性低钙惊厥，是由于缺乏维生素D、甲状腺旁腺代偿不足引起血中钙离子减低而导致的全身惊厥。本病多见于<6个月的婴儿。
临床表现
典型症状：惊厥、手足搐溺、喉痉挛。
隐性体征：面神经征（Chvostek征）、腓反射、人工手痉挛征（Troussean征）。
治疗
一般治疗急救处理后有诱发疾病者治疗诱发疾病，如感染、长期腹泻等。提倡母乳哏养或应用加入维生素D、钙的婴儿配方奶粉，婴儿及时添加蛋黄、肝泥等,多晒太阳早产儿、人工喂养儿或冬天出生婴儿，每日补充维生素D 400~800U。在大剂量维生素D治疗前，应先补充钙剂3d。
急救处理：迅速控制惊厥，可用苯巴比妥，每次8 mg/kg肌内注射，或应用10%水合氯醛，每次0.5 ml/kg灌肠,或应用地西泮(安定)，每次0.1~0.3 mg/kg缓慢静脉推注同时吸氧，喉痉挛者应立刻将舌头拉出口外，进行口对口呼吸或加压给氧，必要时气管插管。
钙剂：10%葡萄糖酸钙5~10 ml加10%葡萄糖液10~20 ml缓慢静脉推注，反复惊厥时可每日静脉滴注1~2次，每日元素钙50 mg/kg，无惊厥后可口服钙剂,每日元素钙200~500 mg。
Magnesium homeostasis in cattle: absorption and excretion
复制标题
牛的镁稳态: 吸收和排泄
发表时间：2018-06-01
影响指数：5.6
作者： Holger Martens
期刊：Nutr Res Rev
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral without known specific regulatory mechanisms. In ruminants, plasma Mg2+ concentration depends primarily on the balance between Mg2+ absorption and Mg2+ excretion. The primary site of Mg2+ absorption is the rumen, where Mg2+ is apically absorbed by both potential-dependent and potential-independent uptake mechanisms, reflecting involvement of ion channels and electroneutral transporters, respectively. Transport is energised in a secondary active manner by a basolateral Na+/Mg2+ exchanger. Ruminal transport of Mg2+ is significantly influenced by a variety of factors such as high K+ concentration, sudden increases of ammonia, pH, and the concentration of SCFA. Impaired Mg2+ absorption in the rumen is not compensated for by increased transport in the small or large intestine. While renal excretion can be adjusted to compensate precisely for any surplus in Mg2+ uptake, a shortage in dietary Mg2+ cannot be compensated for either via skeletal mobilisation of Mg2+ or via up-regulation of ruminal absorption. In such situations, hypomagnesaemia will lead to decrease of a Mg2+ in the cerebrospinal fluid and clinical manifestations of tetany.
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